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It’s in the nature of presidential candidates and new kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices presidents to promise big things. Just months after his 1961 inauguration, President John F. Kennedy vowed to send a kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices man to the moon by the end of the decade. That pledge was kept, but many others haven’t been, such as candidate Bill Clinton’s promise to provide universal health care and presidential hopeful George H.W.

Bush’s guarantee of no new taxes. Now, during a once-in-a-century kamagra, incoming President Joe Biden has promised to provide 100 million erectile dysfunction treatment vaccinations kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices in his first 100 days in office. €œThis team will help get … at least 100 million erectile dysfunction treatment shots into the arms of the American people in the first 100 days,” Biden said during a Dec. 8 news conference introducing key members of his health team.

When first asked about his pledge, kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices the Biden team said the president-elect meant 50 million people would get their two-dose regimen. The incoming administration has since updated this plan, saying it will release treatment doses as soon as they’re available instead of holding back some of that supply for second doses. Either way, Biden may run into difficulty meeting that 100 million mark. €œI think it’s an kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices attainable goal.

I think it’s going to be extremely challenging,” said Claire Hannan, executive director of the Association of Immunization Managers. While a pace of 1 million doses a day is “somewhat of an increase over what we’re already doing,” a much higher rate of vaccinations will be necessary to stem the kamagra, said Larry Levitt, executive vice kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices president for health policy at KFF. (KHN is an editorially independent program of KFF.) “The Biden administration has plans to rationalize treatment distribution, but increasing the supply quickly” could be a difficult task. Under the Trump administration, treatment deployment has been much slower than Biden’s plan.

The rollout began more than a month ago, on kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices Dec. 14. Since then, 12 million shots have been given and 31 million doses have been shipped out, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s treatment tracker. This sluggishness has been attributed to a lack of communication between the federal government and state kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices and local health departments, not enough funding for large-scale vaccination efforts, and confusing federal guidance on distribution of the treatments.

The same problems could plague the Biden administration, said experts. States still aren’t sure how much treatment they’ll get and whether there will be a sufficient supply, said Dr. Marcus Plescia, chief medical officer for the Association of kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices State and Territorial Health Officials, which represents state public health agencies. €œWe have been given little information about the amount of treatment the states will receive in the near future and are of the impression that there may not be 1 million doses available per day in the first 100 days of the Biden administration,” said Plescia.

€œOr at least not in the early stages of the 100 days.” Another kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices challenge has been a lack of funding. Public health departments have had to start vaccination campaigns while also operating testing centers and conducting contact tracing efforts with budgets that have been critically underfunded for years. €œStates have to pay for creating the systems, identifying the personnel, training, staffing, tracking people, information campaigns—all the things that go into getting a shot in someone’s arm,” said Jennifer Kates, director of global health &. HIV policy at kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices KFF.

€œThey’re having to create an unprecedented mass vaccination program on a shaky foundation.” The latest erectile dysfunction treatment stimulus bill, signed into law in December, allocates almost $9 billion in funding to the CDC for vaccination efforts. About $4.5 billion is supposed to go to states, territories and tribal organizations, and $3 billion of that is slated to arrive soon. But it’s not clear that level kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices of funding can sustain mass vaccination campaigns as more groups become eligible for the treatment. Biden released a $1.9 trillion plan last week to address erectile dysfunction treatment and the struggling economy.

It includes $160 billion to create national vaccination and testing programs, but also earmarks funds for $1,400 stimulus payments to individuals, state and local government aid, extension of unemployment insurance, and financial assistance for schools to reopen safely. Though it took Congress kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices almost eight months to pass the last erectile dysfunction treatment relief bill after Republican objections to the cost, Biden seems optimistic he’ll get some Republicans on board for his plan. But it’s not yet clear that will work. There’s also the question of whether outgoing President Donald Trump’s impeachment trial will get kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices in the way of Biden’s legislative priorities.

In addition, states have complained about a lack of guidance and confusing instructions on which groups should be given priority status for vaccination, an issue the Biden administration will need to address. On Dec. 3, the CDC recommended health care personnel, residents of long-term care facilities, those kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices 75 and older, and front-line essential workers should be immunized first. But on Jan.

12, the CDC shifted course and recommended that everyone over age 65 should be immunized. In a speech Biden gave last week detailing his vaccination plan, he said he would kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices stick to the CDC’s recommendation to prioritize those over 65. Outgoing Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar also said Jan. 12 that states that moved their treatment supply fastest would be prioritized in getting more shipments.

It’s not known yet whether the Biden kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices administration’s CDC will stick to this guidance. Critics have said it could make treatment distribution less equitable. In general, taking over with a strong vision and clear communication will be key to ramping kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices up treatment distribution, said Hannan. €œEveryone needs to understand what the goal is and how it’s going to work,” she said.

A challenge for Biden will be tamping expectations that the treatment is all that is needed to end the kamagra. Across the country, erectile dysfunction treatment cases are kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices higher than ever, and in many locations officials cannot control the spread. Public health experts said Biden must amp up efforts to increase testing across the country, as he has suggested he will do by promising to establish a national kamagra testing board. With so much focus on treatment distribution, it’s important that this part of the equation not be lost.

Right now, “it’s completely all over the kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices map,” said KFF’s Kates, adding that the federal government will need a “good sense” of who is and is not being tested in different areas in order to “fix” public health capacity. KHN (Kaiser Health News) is a nonprofit news service covering health issues. It is an editorially independent program of KFF (Kaiser Family Foundation) that is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente..

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About This kamagra effects on women TrackerThis tracker provides the number of confirmed cases and deaths from novel erectile dysfunction by country, the trend in confirmed case and death counts by country, and a global map showing which countries have confirmed cases best place to buy kamagra online uk and deaths. The data are drawn from the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) erectile dysfunction Resource Center’s erectile dysfunction treatment Map and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) erectile dysfunction Disease (erectile dysfunction treatment-2019) situation reports.This tracker will be updated regularly, as new data are released.Related Content. About erectile dysfunction treatment erectile dysfunctionIn late 2019, kamagra effects on women a new erectile dysfunction emerged in central China to cause disease in humans.

Cases of this disease, known as erectile dysfunction treatment, have since been reported across around the globe. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the kamagra represents a public health emergency kamagra effects on women of international concern, and on January 31, 2020, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services declared it to be a health emergency for the United States.Key PointsOn January 23, 2017, President Donald Trump reinstated and expanded the Mexico City Policy via presidential memorandum, renaming it “Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance.” This explainer provides an overview of the policy, including its history, changes over time, and current application.First announced in 1984 by the Reagan administration, the policy has been rescinded and reinstated by subsequent administrations along party lines and has now been in effect for 19 of the past 34 years.The policy requires foreign non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to certify that they will not “perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning” using funds from any source (including non-U.S.

Funds) as kamagra effects on women a condition of receiving U.S. Government global family planning assistance and, as of Jan. 23, 2017, kamagra effects on women most other U.S.

Global health assistance.The Trump administration’s application of the policy extends to the vast majority of U.S. Bilateral global health assistance, including funding for HIV under PEPFAR, maternal and child kamagra effects on women health, malaria, nutrition, and other programs. This marks a significant expansion of its scope, potentially encompassing $7.3 billion in FY 2020, to the extent that such funding is ultimately provided to foreign NGOs, directly or indirectly (family planning assistance accounts for approximately $600 million of that total).Additionally, as a result of a March 2019 policy announcement and subsequent information released in June 2019, the policy, for the first time, prohibits foreign NGOs who accept the policy from providing any financial support using any source of funds and for any purpose to other foreign NGOs that perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning.

This greatly kamagra effects on women extends its reach to other areas of U.S. Development assistance beyond global health and to other non-U.S. Funding streams.More recently, in September 2020, a proposed rule to extend the policy to contracts kamagra effects on women was published.

If finalized, it would greatly extend the reach of the policy beyond grants and cooperative agreements to also include contracts.KFF analyses have found that:more than half of the countries in which the U.S. Provides bilateral global health assistance allow for legal abortion in at least one case not permitted by the policy (analysis) kamagra effects on women. Andhad the expanded policy been in effect during the FY 2013 – FY 2015 period, at least 1,275 foreign NGOs would have been subject to the policy (analysis).What is the Mexico City Policy?.

The Mexico City kamagra effects on women Policy is a U.S. Government policy that – when in effect – has required foreign NGOs to certify that they will not “perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning” using funds from any source (including non-U.S. Funds) as a condition of receiving U.S kamagra effects on women.

Global family planning assistance and, as of Jan. 23, 2017, most other kamagra effects on women U.S. Global health assistance.The policy was first announced by the Reagan administration at the 2nd International Conference on Population, which was held in Mexico City, Mexico, on August 6-14, 1984 (hence its name.

See Box 1) kamagra effects on women. Under the Trump administration, the policy has been renamed “Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance” (PLGHA). Among opponents, it is also known as the “Global Gag Rule,” because among other activities, it prohibits foreign NGOs kamagra effects on women from using any funds (including non-U.S.

Funds) to provide information about abortion as a method of family planning and to lobby a foreign government to legalize abortion. €œ[T]he United kamagra effects on women States does not consider abortion an acceptable element of family planning programs and will no longer contribute to those of which it is a part. €¦[T]he United States will no longer contribute to separate nongovernmental organizations which perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning in other nations.”When first instituted in 1984, the Mexico City Policy marked an expansion of existing legislative restrictions that already prohibited U.S.

Funding for abortion internationally, with some exceptions kamagra effects on women (see below). Prior to the policy, foreign NGOs could use non-U.S. Funds to engage in certain voluntary abortion-related activities as long as they maintained segregated accounts for kamagra effects on women any U.S.

Money received, but after the Mexico City Policy was in place, they were no longer permitted to do so if they wanted to receive U.S. Family planning assistance.The Trump administration’s application of the policy to the vast majority kamagra effects on women of U.S. Bilateral global health assistance, including funding for HIV under the U.S.

President’s Emergency kamagra effects on women Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), maternal and child health, malaria, nutrition, and other programs, marks a significant expansion of its scope, potentially encompassing $7.3 billion in FY 2020, to the extent that such funding is ultimately provided to foreign NGOs, directly or indirectly (family planning assistance accounted for approximately $600 million of that total). The Administration’s more recent extension of the policy to include any financial support (health or otherwise) provided by foreign NGOs for any purpose to other foreign NGOs that perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning is likely to encompass significant additional funding.When has it been in effect?. The Mexico City Policy has been in effect for 19 of the past 34 years, primarily through executive action, and has been instated, rescinded, and reinstated by presidential administrations along party lines (see Table 1).The policy was first instituted in 1984 (taking effect in 1985) by President Ronald Reagan and continued to be in effect through President George H.W.

Bush’s administration kamagra effects on women. It was rescinded by President Bill Clinton in 1993 (although it was reinstated legislatively for one year during his second term. See below) kamagra effects on women.

The policy was reinstated by President George W. Bush in 2001 and then kamagra effects on women rescinded by President Barack Obama in 2009. It is currently in effect, having been reinstated by President Trump in 2017.

YearsIn Effect? kamagra effects on women. Presidential Administration (Party Affiliation)Executive (E) or Congressional (C) Action?. 1985-1989YesReagan (R)E1989-1993YesBush (R)E1993-1999 Sept.NoClinton (D)E1999 Oct.-2000 Sept.Yes*Clinton (D)C2000 Oct.-2001NoClinton (D)E2001-2009YesBush (R)E2009-2017NoObama (D)E2017-presentYesTrump (R)ENOTES kamagra effects on women.

Shaded blue indicate periods when policy was in effect. * There was a temporary, one-year legislative imposition kamagra effects on women of the policy, which included a portion of the restrictions in effect in other years and an option for the president to waive these restrictions in part. However, if the waiver option was exercised (for no more than $15 million in family planning assistance), then $12.5 million of this funding would be transferred to maternal and child health assistance.

The president did exercise kamagra effects on women the waiver option.SOURCES. €œPolicy Statement of the United States of America at the United Nations International Conference on Population (Second Session), Mexico City, Mexico, August 6-14, 1984,” undated. Bill Clinton kamagra effects on women Administration, “Subject.

AID Family Planning Grants/Mexico City Policy,” Memorandum for the Acting Administrator of the Agency for International Development, January 22, 1993, Clinton White House Archives, https://clintonwhitehouse6.archives.gov/1993/01/1993-01-22-aid-family-planning-grants-mexico-city-policy.html. FY 2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act, kamagra effects on women P.L. 106-113.

George W kamagra effects on women. Bush Administration, “Subject. Restoration of the Mexico City Policy,” Memorandum for the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, January 22, 2001, Bush Administration kamagra effects on women White House Archives, https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/20010123-5.html.

€œSubject. Restoration of the Mexico City Policy,” Memorandum for the Administrator of the United States Agency for kamagra effects on women International Development, March 28, 2001, Federal Register, https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2001/03/29/01-8011/restoration-of-the-mexico-city-policy. George W.

Bush Administration, kamagra effects on women “Subject. Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning,” Memorandum for the Secretary of State, August 29, 2003, Bush Administration White House Archives, http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/08/20030829-3.html. Barack Obama Administration, “Mexico City Policy and Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning,” Memorandum for the Secretary of State, the Administrator of kamagra effects on women the United States Agency for International Development, January 23, 2009, Obama White House Archives, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/mexico-city-policy-and-assistance-voluntary-population-planning.

White House, “The Mexico City Policy,” Memorandum for the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Administrator of the Agency for International Development, Jan. 23, 2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/23/presidential-memorandum-regarding-mexico-city-policy.How is it instituted kamagra effects on women (and rescinded)?. The Mexico City Policy has, for the most part, been instituted or rescinded through executive branch action (typically via presidential memoranda).

While Congress has the ability to institute the policy through legislation, this has kamagra effects on women happened only once in the past. A modified version of the policy was briefly applied by Congress during President Clinton’s last year in office as part of a broader arrangement to pay the U.S. Debt to the United kamagra effects on women Nations.

(At that time, President Clinton was able to partially waive the policy’s restrictions.) Other attempts to institute the policy through legislation have not been enacted into law, nor have legislative attempts to overturn the policy. See Table 1.Who does kamagra effects on women the policy apply to?. The policy, when in effect, applies to foreign NGOs as a condition for receiving U.S.

Family planning support and, now, other global health assistance, either directly (as the main – or prime – recipient of U.S. Funding) or indirectly (as a recipient of kamagra effects on women U.S. Funding through an agreement with the prime recipient.

Referred to as a kamagra effects on women sub-recipient). Specifically, a foreign NGO “recipient agrees that it will not, during the term of this award, perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning in foreign countries or provide financial support to any other foreign non-governmental organization that conducts such activities.”Foreign NGOs include:international NGOs that are based outside the U.S.,regional NGOs that are based outside the U.S., andlocal NGOs in assisted countries.U.S. NGOs, while not directly subject to the Mexico City Policy, must also kamagra effects on women agree to ensure that they do not provide funding to any foreign NGO sub-recipients unless those sub-recipients have first certified adherence to the policy.

Specifically, a U.S. NGO “recipient (A) agrees that it will not furnish health assistance under this award to any foreign non-governmental organization that performs or kamagra effects on women actively promotes abortion as a method of family planning in foreign countries. And (B) further agrees to require that such sub-recipients do not provide financial support to any other foreign non-governmental organization that conducts such activities.”As in the past, the current policy does not apply to funding provided by the U.S.

Government to kamagra effects on women foreign governments (national or sub-national), public international organizations, and other multilateral entities, such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and Gavi, the treatment Alliance. However, this funding is subject to the policy if it flows through a foreign NGO that has accepted the policy. See “What is kamagra effects on women ‘financial support’?.

€ below.To what assistance does it apply?. In the past, foreign NGOs have been required to adhere to the Mexico City Policy – when it was in kamagra effects on women effect – as a condition of receiving support through certain U.S. International funding streams.

Family planning kamagra effects on women assistance through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and, beginning in 2003, family planning assistance through the U.S. Department of kamagra effects on women State.

In the 2003 memorandum announcing the policy’s expansion to include the Department of State, President Bush stated that the policy did not apply to funding for global HIV/AIDS programs and that multilateral organizations that are associations of governments are not included among “foreign NGOs.”The current policy, reinstated in 2017, applies to the vast majority of U.S. Bilateral global health assistance furnished by all agencies kamagra effects on women and departments. “Assistance” includes “the provision of funds, commodities, equipment, or other in-kind global health assistance.” Specifically, the expanded policy applies to nearly all bilateral global health assistance, including.

family planning and reproductive healthfor the first time:maternal and child health (including household-level water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH))nutritionHIV under PEPFARtuberculosismalaria under the President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI)neglected tropical diseasesglobal health securitycertain types of research activitiesThe policy applies to the assistance described above that is appropriated directly to three kamagra effects on women agencies and departments. USAID. The Department of State, including the Office of the Global AIDS kamagra effects on women Coordinator, which oversees and coordinates U.S.

Global HIV funding under PEPFAR. And for the first time, the Department of kamagra effects on women Defense (DoD). When such funding is transferred to another agency, including the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), it remains subject to the policy, to the extent that such funding is ultimately provided to foreign NGOs, directly or indirectly.The policy applies to three types of funding agreements for such assistance.

Grants. Cooperative agreements. And, for the first time, contracts, pending necessary rule-making that would be needed to do so (a proposed rule to accomplish this was published in September 2020).The policy does not apply to U.S.

Assistance for. Water supply and sanitation activities, which is usually focused on infrastructure and systems. Humanitarian assistance, including activities related to migration and refugee assistance activities as well as disaster and humanitarian relief activities.

The American Schools and Hospitals Abroad (ASHA) program. And Food for Peace (FFP). However, this funding is subject to the policy if it flows through a foreign NGO that has accepted the policy.

See “What is ‘financial support’?. € below.What activities are prohibited?. The policy prohibits foreign NGOs that receive U.S.

Family planning assistance and, now, most other U.S. Bilateral global health assistance from using funds from any source (including non-U.S. Funds) to “perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning.” In addition to providing abortions with non-U.S.

Funds, restricted activities also include the following:providing advice and information about and offering referral for abortion – where legal – as part of the full range of family planning options,promoting changes in a country’s laws or policies related to abortion as a method of family planning (i.e., engaging in lobbying), andconducting public information campaigns about abortion as a method of family planning.The prohibition of these activities are why the policy has been referred to by its critics as the “Global Gag Rule.”Additionally, for the first time, the policy prohibits foreign NGOs from providing any financial support with any source of funds (including non-U.S. Funding) and for any purpose to other foreign NGOs that perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning. See “What is “financial support?.

€ below.The policy, however, does not prohibit foreign NGOs from:providing advice and information about, performing, or offering referral for abortion in cases where the pregnancy has either posed a risk to the life of the mother or resulted from incest or rape. Andresponding to a question about where a safe, legal abortion may be obtained when a woman who is already pregnant clearly states that she has already decided to have a legal abortion (passively providing information, versus actively providing medically-appropriate information).In addition, the expanded policy does not apply to healthcare providers who have an affirmative duty required under local law to provide counseling about and referrals for abortion as a method of family planning.Does it restrict direct U.S. Funding for abortion overseas?.

U.S. Funding for abortion is already restricted under several provisions of the law. Specifically, before the Mexico City Policy was first announced in 1984, U.S.

Law already prohibited the use of U.S. Aid:to pay for the performance of abortion as a method of family planning or to motivate or coerce any person to practice abortion (the Helms Amendment, 1973, to the Foreign Assistance Act);for biomedical research related to methods of or the performance of abortion as a means of family planning (the Biden Amendment, 1981, to the Foreign Assistance Act). Andto lobby for or against abortion (the Siljander Amendment, first included in annual appropriations in 1981 and included each year thereafter).Then, shortly after the policy was announced in 1984, the Kemp-Kasten Amendment was passed in 1985, prohibiting the use of U.S.

Aid to fund any organization or program, as determined by the president, that supports or participates in the management of a program of coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization (it is now included in annual appropriations).Before the Mexico City Policy, U.S. Aid recipients could use non-U.S. Funds to engage in certain abortion-related activities but were required to maintain segregated accounts for U.S.

Assistance. The Mexico City Policy reversed this practice. No longer were foreign NGOs allowed to use non-U.S.

Funds, maintained in segregated accounts, for voluntary abortion-related activities if they wished to continue to receive or be able to receive U.S. Family planning funds.Does the policy prohibit post-abortion care?. The Mexico City Policy does not restrict the provision of post-abortion care, which is a supported activity of U.S.

Family planning assistance. Whether or not the Mexico City Policy is in effect, recipients of U.S. Family planning assistance are allowed to use U.S.

And non-U.S. Funding to support post-abortion care, no matter the circumstances of the abortion (whether it was legal or illegal).What has been the impact of the policy?. Several studies have looked at the impact of the policy.

A 2011 quantitative analysis by Bendavid, et. Al, found a strong association between the Mexico City Policy and abortion rates in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was recently updated to include several more years of data, again identifying a strong association.

Specifically, the updated study found that during periods when the policy was in place, abortion rates rose by 40% in countries with high exposure to the Mexico City Policy compared to those with low exposure, while the use of modern contraceptives declined by 14% and pregnancies increased by 12% in high exposure compared to low exposure countries. In other words, it found patterns that “strengthen the case for the role played by the policy” in “a substantial increase in abortions across sub-Saharan Africa among women affected by the U.S. Mexico City Policy … [and] a corresponding decline in the use of modern contraception and increase in pregnancies,” likely because foreign NGOs that declined U.S.

Funding as a result of the Mexico City Policy – often key providers of women’s health services in these areas – had fewer resources to support family planning services, particularly contraceptives. Increased access to and use of contraception have been shown to be key to preventing unintended pregnancies and thereby reducing abortion, including unsafe abortion. The study also found patterns that “suggest that the effects of the policy are reversible” when the policy is not in place.Additionally, there has been anecdotal evidence and qualitative data on the impact of the policy, when it has been in force in the past, on the work of organizations that have chosen not to agree to the policy and, therefore, forgo U.S.

Funding that had previously supported their activities. For example, they have reported that they have fewer resources to support family planning and reproductive health services, including family planning counseling, contraceptive commodities, condoms, and reproductive cancer screenings.While it is likely too early to assess the full effects of the current policy on NGOs and the individuals they serve, as the policy is applied on a rolling basis as new funding agreements or modifications to existing agreements are made, some early data are available. Several early qualitative and quantitative studies have been released, and at least one long-term, quantitative assessment is underway.

Additionally, an official assessment by the U.S. Department of State on implementation during the first six months of the policy has been released (see below). This review acknowledged that it took “place early in the policy’s implementation, when affected U.S.

Government departments and agencies have added a significant portion of the funding affected by the policy to grants and cooperative agreements only recently [i.e., after the period the review examined]. A follow-on analysis would allow an opportunity to address one of the primary concerns presented in feedback from third-party stakeholder organizations, namely that six months is insufficient time to gauge the impacts of” the policy.Nonetheless, it is already clear that the reinstated and expanded version of the policy applies to a much greater amount of U.S. Global health assistance, and greater number of foreign NGOs, across many program areas.

KFF has found that more than half (37) of the 64 countries that received U.S. Bilateral global health assistance in FY 2016 allow for legal abortion in at least one case not permitted by the policy and that had the expanded Mexico City Policy been in effect during the FY 2013 – FY 2015 period, at least 1,275 foreign NGOs would have been subject to the policy. In addition, at least 469 U.S.

NGOs that received U.S. Global health assistance during this period would have been required to ensure that their foreign NGO sub-recipients were in compliance. Additional foreign NGOs are likely to be impacted by the policy due to the revised interpretation of “financial support” announced in March 2019 and implemented beginning June 2019.

See “What is ‘financial support’?. € below.A report released in March 2020 by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) provided new information on the number of projects (awards) and NGOs affected.

It found that from May 2017 through FY 2018:the policy had been applied to over 1,300 global health projects, with the vast majority of these through USAID and CDC, andNGOs declined to accept the policy in 54 instances, totaling $153 million in declined funding – specifically, seven prime awards amounting to $102 million and 47 sub-awards amounting to $51 million (more than two-thirds of sub-awards were intended for Africa) – across USAID and CDC. The Department of State and DoD did not identify any instances where NGOs declined to accept the policy conditions.What have the U.S. Government’s reviews of the policy found?.

The U.S. Government has published two reviews of the policy to date, with the first examining the initial six months of the policy released in February 2018 and the second examining the first 18 months of the policy released in August 2020.First ReviewIn February 2018, the Department of State announced the findings of an initial six-month review of implementation of the policy through the end of FY 2017 (September 2017). The report directed agencies to provide greater support for improving understanding of implementation among affected organizations and provided guidance to clarify terms included in standard provisions of grants and cooperative agreements.

In the six-month review report, the Department of State report identified a number of “actions” for implementing agencies, such as a need for:more central and field-based training and implementation tools,a clearer explanation of termination of awards for NGOs found to be in violation of the policy, anda clarification of “financial support,” which was not defined in the standard provisions (see “What is financial support?. € below).The six month review also identified the number of affected agreements with prime implementing partners and the number of those that have accepted the Mexico City Policy as part of their agreements through September 2017 (see Table 2). U.S.

Agency or DepartmentPolicy Implementation DateOverall # of Grants and Cooperative Agreements with Global Health Assistance FundingOf Overall #:(From the Policy Implementation Date through 9/30/2017)# That Received New Funding and Accepted Policy# That Received New Funding and Declined to Accept Policy^# That Had Not Received New Funding YetUSAIDMay 15, 20175804193158State*May 15, 2017142108034HHS+May 31, 20174991600339DoDMay 15, 20177742134TOTAL12987294565NOTES. * reflects PEPFAR funding implemented through the Department of State. Other departments and agencies implement the majority of PEPFAR funding.

+ At HHS agencies, only certain assistance funding transferred from USAID, State, and DoD are subject to the policy. ^ As of September 30, 2017, USAID reported it was aware of three centrally funded prime partners, and 12 sub-awardee implementing partners, that declined to agree to the Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance (PLGHA) terms in their awards. DoD reported that one DoD partner, a U.S.

NGO, declined to agree in one country but accepted the PLGHA standard provision in other countries. And HHS reported that no HHS partners declined to agree.SOURCES. KFF analysis of data from Department of State, “Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance Six-Month Review,” report, Feb.

6, 2018, https://www.state.gov/protecting-life-in-global-health-assistance-six-month-review/.Second ReviewOn August 17, 2020, the Department of State released its second review of the policy, updating its initial six-month review (as an action item in the six-month review report, the department stated it would “conduct a further review of implementation of the policy by December 15, 2018, when more extensive experience will enable a more thorough examination of the benefits and challenges”). The long-anticipated review, which examines the period from May 2017 through September 2018, found:the awards declined spanned a variety of program areas, including family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH), HIV and AIDS (HIV/AIDS), maternal and child health (MCH), tuberculosis (TB), and nutrition, in addition to cross-cutting awards;the awards declined spanned geographic areas but many were for activities in sub-Saharan Africa;agencies and departments made efforts to transition projects to another implementer in order to minimize disruption. Butnevertheless, among USAID awards involving health service delivery where prime and sub-award recipients declined to accept the policy, gaps or disruptions in service delivery were sometimes reported.The second review also identified the number of affected agreements with prime implementing partners and the number of those that have accepted the Mexico City Policy as part of their agreements through September 2018 (see Table 3).

U.S. Agency or DepartmentPolicy Implementation Date# of Grants and Cooperative Agreements with Global Health Assistance Funding# of Prime Awardees That Declined to Accept Policy^USAIDMay 15, 20174866State*May 15, 20173350HHS+May 31, 20174661DoDMay 15, 2017531TOTAL13408NOTES. * reflects PEPFAR funding implemented through the Department of State.

Other departments and agencies implement the majority of PEPFAR funding. + At HHS agencies, only certain assistance funding transferred from USAID, State, and DoD are subject to the policy. ^ As of September 30, 2018, USAID reported it was aware of six centrally funded prime partners, and 47 sub-awardee implementing partners, that declined to agree to the Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance (PLGHA) terms in their awards.

DoD reported that one DoD partner, a U.S. NGO, declined to agree in one country but accepted the PLGHA standard provision in other countries. And HHS reported that one HHS partner declined to agree.SOURCES.

KFF analysis of data from Department of State, “Review of the Implementation of the Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance Policy ,” report, Aug. 17, 2020, https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/PLGHA-2019-Review-Final-8.17.2020-508.pdf, and Department of State, “Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance Six-Month Review,” report, Feb. 6, 2018, https://www.state.gov/protecting-life-in-global-health-assistance-six-month-review/.Additionally, the review reports that 47 sub-awardees, all under USAID awards, declined to accept the policy.

It is important to note that the review also states that information on sub-awards is not systematically collected by departments and agencies and that DoD was not able to collect information on sub-awards.What is “financial support”?. In February 2018, in the initial six-month review issued when Secretary of State Tillerson led the department, the Department of State report included an “action” statement to clarify the definition of “financial support” as used in the standard provisions for grants and cooperative agreements. At issue was whether it applied more narrowly to certain funding provided by foreign NGOs (i.e., funding other than U.S.

Global health funding) to other foreign NGOs specifically for the purpose of performing or actively promoting abortion as a method of family planning or if it applied more broadly to certain funding provided by foreign NGOs to other foreign NGOs for any purpose, if that foreign NGO happened to perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning. The State Department clarified that it was the more narrow interpretation.However, on March 26, 2019, Secretary of State Pompeo reversed this interpretation, announcing further “refinements” to the policy to clarify that it applied to the broader definition of financial support. Specifically, under the policy, U.S.-supported foreign NGOs agree to not provide any financial support (global health-related as well as other support), no matter the source of funds, to any other foreign NGO that performs or actively promotes abortion as a method of family planning.

In June 2019, USAID provided additional information to reflect this broader interpretation of the standard provisions.This marks the first time the policy has been applied this broadly, as it can now affect funding provided by other donors (such as other governments and foundations) and non-global health funding provided by the U.S. Government for a wide range of purposes if this funding is first provided to foreign NGOs who have accepted the policy (as recipients of U.S. Global health assistance) that then in turn provide that donor or U.S.

Non global health funding for any purpose to foreign NGOs that perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning. For example, under the prior interpretation, a foreign NGO recipient of U.S. Global health funding could not provide any non-U.S.

Funding to another foreign NGO to perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning but could provide funding for other activities, such as education, even if the foreign NGO carried out prohibited activities. Under the broader interpretation, a foreign NGO could not provide any non-U.S. Funding for any activity to a foreign NGO that carried out prohibited activities.

Similarly, while under the prior interpretation a foreign NGO recipient of U.S. Global health funding could provide other U.S. Funding (such as humanitarian assistance) to another foreign NGO for non-prohibited activities, even if the foreign NGO carried out prohibited activities, now under the broader interpretation, it could not do so.What are the next steps in implementing the expanded policy?.

The policy went into effect in May 2017 (see Table 2), although it is applied on a rolling basis, as new funding agreements and modifications to existing agreements occur. While it applies to all grants and cooperative agreements, the Trump administration has indicated that it intends the policy to apply to contracts, which would require a rule-making process (it began this process by publishing a proposed rule in September 2020)..

About This TrackerThis tracker provides the number of confirmed cases and deaths from novel erectile dysfunction kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices by country, the trend in confirmed case and death counts by country, and a global map showing which countries have confirmed cases and deaths. The data are drawn from the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) erectile dysfunction Resource Center’s erectile dysfunction treatment Map and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) erectile dysfunction Disease (erectile dysfunction treatment-2019) situation reports.This tracker will be updated regularly, as new data are released.Related Content. About erectile dysfunction treatment erectile dysfunctionIn late 2019, a new erectile dysfunction emerged in kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices central China to cause disease in humans.

Cases of this disease, known as erectile dysfunction treatment, have since been reported across around the globe. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the kamagra represents a public health emergency of international concern, and on kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices January 31, 2020, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services declared it to be a health emergency for the United States.Key PointsOn January 23, 2017, President Donald Trump reinstated and expanded the Mexico City Policy via presidential memorandum, renaming it “Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance.” This explainer provides an overview of the policy, including its history, changes over time, and current application.First announced in 1984 by the Reagan administration, the policy has been rescinded and reinstated by subsequent administrations along party lines and has now been in effect for 19 of the past 34 years.The policy requires foreign non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to certify that they will not “perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning” using funds from any source (including non-U.S.

Funds) as kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices a condition of receiving U.S. Government global family planning assistance and, as of Jan. 23, 2017, kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices most other U.S.

Global health assistance.The Trump administration’s application of the policy extends to the vast majority of U.S. Bilateral global health assistance, including funding for HIV under PEPFAR, maternal and child health, malaria, nutrition, and other programs kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices. This marks a significant expansion of its scope, potentially encompassing $7.3 billion in FY 2020, to the extent that such funding is ultimately provided to foreign NGOs, directly or indirectly (family planning assistance accounts for approximately $600 million of that total).Additionally, as a result of a March 2019 policy announcement and subsequent information released in June 2019, the policy, for the first time, prohibits foreign NGOs who accept the policy from providing any financial support using any source of funds and for any purpose to other foreign NGOs that perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning.

This greatly extends its reach to other areas of kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices U.S. Development assistance beyond global health and to other non-U.S. Funding streams.More recently, in September 2020, a proposed rule to extend kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices the policy to contracts was published.

If finalized, it would greatly extend the reach of the policy beyond grants and cooperative agreements to also include contracts.KFF analyses have found that:more than half of the countries in which the U.S. Provides bilateral global health assistance allow for legal abortion in at least one case not permitted by the kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices policy (analysis). Andhad the expanded policy been in effect during the FY 2013 – FY 2015 period, at least 1,275 foreign NGOs would have been subject to the policy (analysis).What is the Mexico City Policy?.

The Mexico City Policy kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices is a U.S. Government policy that – when in effect – has required foreign NGOs to certify that they will not “perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning” using funds from any source (including non-U.S. Funds) as kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices a condition of receiving U.S.

Global family planning assistance and, as of Jan. 23, 2017, kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices most other U.S. Global health assistance.The policy was first announced by the Reagan administration at the 2nd International Conference on Population, which was held in Mexico City, Mexico, on August 6-14, 1984 (hence its name.

See Box kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices 1). Under the Trump administration, the policy has been renamed “Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance” (PLGHA). Among opponents, it is also known as the “Global Gag Rule,” because among other activities, it prohibits kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices foreign NGOs from using any funds (including non-U.S.

Funds) to provide information about abortion as a method of family planning and to lobby a foreign government to legalize abortion. €œ[T]he United States does not consider abortion an acceptable element of family planning programs and kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices will no longer contribute to those of which it is a part. €¦[T]he United States will no longer contribute to separate nongovernmental organizations which perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning in other nations.”When first instituted in 1984, the Mexico City Policy marked an expansion of existing legislative restrictions that already prohibited U.S.

Funding for abortion kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices internationally, with some exceptions (see below). Prior to the policy, foreign NGOs could use non-U.S. Funds to engage in certain voluntary abortion-related activities kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices as long as they maintained segregated accounts for any U.S.

Money received, but after the Mexico City Policy was in place, they were no longer permitted to do so if they wanted to receive U.S. Family planning assistance.The Trump administration’s application of the policy to the vast majority of kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices U.S. Bilateral global health assistance, including funding for HIV under the U.S.

President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), maternal and child health, malaria, nutrition, and other programs, marks a significant expansion of its scope, potentially encompassing $7.3 billion in FY 2020, to the extent that such funding is kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices ultimately provided to foreign NGOs, directly or indirectly (family planning assistance accounted for approximately $600 million of that total). The Administration’s more recent extension of the policy to include any financial support (health or otherwise) provided by foreign NGOs for any purpose to other foreign NGOs that perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning is likely to encompass significant additional funding.When has it been in effect?. The Mexico City Policy has been in effect for 19 of the past 34 years, primarily through executive action, and has been instated, rescinded, and reinstated by presidential administrations along party lines (see Table 1).The policy was first instituted in 1984 (taking effect in 1985) by President Ronald Reagan and continued to be in effect through President George H.W.

Bush’s administration kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices. It was rescinded by President Bill Clinton in 1993 (although it was reinstated legislatively for one year during his second term. See below) kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices.

The policy was reinstated by President George W. Bush in 2001 and then rescinded by President Barack Obama in kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices 2009. It is currently in effect, having been reinstated by President Trump in 2017.

YearsIn Effect? kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices. Presidential Administration (Party Affiliation)Executive (E) or Congressional (C) Action?. 1985-1989YesReagan (R)E1989-1993YesBush (R)E1993-1999 Sept.NoClinton (D)E1999 Oct.-2000 Sept.Yes*Clinton (D)C2000 kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices Oct.-2001NoClinton (D)E2001-2009YesBush (R)E2009-2017NoObama (D)E2017-presentYesTrump (R)ENOTES.

Shaded blue indicate periods when policy was in effect. * There was a temporary, one-year legislative imposition of the policy, which included a portion of the restrictions in effect in other years and an option for the president to waive these restrictions in kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices part. However, if the waiver option was exercised (for no more than $15 million in family planning assistance), then $12.5 million of this funding would be transferred to maternal and child health assistance.

The president kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices did exercise the waiver option.SOURCES. €œPolicy Statement of the United States of America at the United Nations International Conference on Population (Second Session), Mexico City, Mexico, August 6-14, 1984,” undated. Bill Clinton Administration, “Subject kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices.

AID Family Planning Grants/Mexico City Policy,” Memorandum for the Acting Administrator of the Agency for International Development, January 22, 1993, Clinton White House Archives, https://clintonwhitehouse6.archives.gov/1993/01/1993-01-22-aid-family-planning-grants-mexico-city-policy.html. FY 2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act, P.L kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices. 106-113.

George W kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices. Bush Administration, “Subject. Restoration of the Mexico City Policy,” Memorandum for the Administrator of the United States Agency for International kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices Development, January 22, 2001, Bush Administration White House Archives, https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/20010123-5.html.

€œSubject. Restoration of the Mexico City Policy,” Memorandum for the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, March kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices 28, 2001, Federal Register, https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2001/03/29/01-8011/restoration-of-the-mexico-city-policy. George W.

Bush Administration, kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices “Subject. Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning,” Memorandum for the Secretary of State, August 29, 2003, Bush Administration White House Archives, http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/08/20030829-3.html. Barack Obama Administration, “Mexico City Policy and Assistance for kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices Voluntary Population Planning,” Memorandum for the Secretary of State, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, January 23, 2009, Obama White House Archives, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/mexico-city-policy-and-assistance-voluntary-population-planning.

White House, “The Mexico City Policy,” Memorandum for the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Administrator of the Agency for International Development, Jan. 23, 2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/23/presidential-memorandum-regarding-mexico-city-policy.How is it instituted kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices (and rescinded)?. The Mexico City Policy has, for the most part, been instituted or rescinded through executive branch action (typically via presidential memoranda).

While Congress has the ability to institute the policy through legislation, this has happened only once in the kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices past. A modified version of the policy was briefly applied by Congress during President Clinton’s last year in office as part of a broader arrangement to pay the U.S. Debt to the United Nations kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices.

(At that time, President Clinton was able to partially waive the policy’s restrictions.) Other attempts to institute the policy through legislation have not been enacted into law, nor have legislative attempts to overturn the policy. See Table 1.Who does the policy apply to? kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices. The policy, when in effect, applies to foreign NGOs as a condition for receiving U.S.

Family planning support and, now, other global health assistance, either directly (as the main – or prime – recipient of U.S. Funding) or indirectly (as a recipient of kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices U.S. Funding through an agreement with the prime recipient.

Referred to kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices as a sub-recipient). Specifically, a foreign NGO “recipient agrees that it will not, during the term of this award, perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning in foreign countries or provide financial support to any other foreign non-governmental organization that conducts such activities.”Foreign NGOs include:international NGOs that are based outside the U.S.,regional NGOs that are based outside the U.S., andlocal NGOs in assisted countries.U.S. NGOs, while not directly subject to the Mexico City Policy, must also agree to ensure that they do not provide funding to any foreign NGO sub-recipients unless those sub-recipients have first certified adherence to the kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices policy.

Specifically, a U.S. NGO “recipient (A) agrees that it will not furnish health assistance under this award to any foreign non-governmental organization that performs or actively promotes abortion as a method of family planning kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices in foreign countries. And (B) further agrees to require that such sub-recipients do not provide financial support to any other foreign non-governmental organization that conducts such activities.”As in the past, the current policy does not apply to funding provided by the U.S.

Government to foreign governments (national or sub-national), public international organizations, and other multilateral entities, such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices Gavi, the treatment Alliance. However, this funding is subject to the policy if it flows through a foreign NGO that has accepted the policy. See “What kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices is ‘financial support’?.

€ below.To what assistance does it apply?. In the past, foreign NGOs have been required to adhere to the Mexico City Policy – when it was in effect kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices – as a condition of receiving support through certain U.S. International funding streams.

Family planning assistance through kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and, beginning in 2003, family planning assistance through the U.S. Department of kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices State.

In the 2003 memorandum announcing the policy’s expansion to include the Department of State, President Bush stated that the policy did not apply to funding for global HIV/AIDS programs and that multilateral organizations that are associations of governments are not included among “foreign NGOs.”The current policy, reinstated in 2017, applies to the vast majority of U.S. Bilateral global health assistance furnished by kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices all agencies and departments. “Assistance” includes “the provision of funds, commodities, equipment, or other in-kind global health assistance.” Specifically, the expanded policy applies to nearly all bilateral global health assistance, including.

family planning and reproductive healthfor the first time:maternal and child health (including household-level water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH))nutritionHIV under PEPFARtuberculosismalaria under the President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI)neglected tropical diseasesglobal kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices health securitycertain types of research activitiesThe policy applies to the assistance described above that is appropriated directly to three agencies and departments. USAID. The Department of State, including the Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator, which oversees and kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices coordinates U.S.

Global HIV funding under PEPFAR. And for the kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices first time, the Department of Defense (DoD). When such funding is transferred to another agency, including the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), it remains subject to the policy, to the extent that such funding is ultimately provided to foreign NGOs, directly or indirectly.The policy applies to three types of funding agreements for such assistance.

Grants. Cooperative agreements. And, for the first time, contracts, pending necessary rule-making that would be needed to do so (a proposed rule to accomplish this was published in September 2020).The policy does not apply to U.S.

Assistance for. Water supply and sanitation activities, which is usually focused on infrastructure and systems. Humanitarian assistance, including activities related to migration and refugee assistance activities as well as disaster and humanitarian relief activities.

The American Schools and Hospitals Abroad (ASHA) program. And Food for Peace (FFP). However, this funding is subject to the policy if it flows through a foreign NGO that has accepted the policy.

See “What is ‘financial support’?. € below.What activities are prohibited?. The policy prohibits foreign NGOs that receive U.S.

Family planning assistance and, now, most other U.S. Bilateral global health assistance from using funds from any source (including non-U.S. Funds) to “perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning.” In addition to providing abortions with non-U.S.

Funds, restricted activities also include the following:providing advice and information about and offering referral for abortion – where legal – as part of the full range of family planning options,promoting changes in a country’s laws or policies related to abortion as a method of family planning (i.e., engaging in lobbying), andconducting public information campaigns about abortion as a method of family planning.The prohibition of these activities are why the policy has been referred to by its critics as the “Global Gag Rule.”Additionally, for the first time, the policy prohibits foreign NGOs from providing any financial support with any source of funds (including non-U.S. Funding) and for any purpose to other foreign NGOs that perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning. See “What is “financial support?.

€ below.The policy, however, does not prohibit foreign NGOs from:providing advice and information about, performing, or offering referral for abortion in cases where the pregnancy has either posed a risk to the life of the mother or resulted from incest or rape. Andresponding to a question about where a safe, legal abortion may be obtained when a woman who is already pregnant clearly states that she has already decided to have a legal abortion (passively providing information, versus actively providing medically-appropriate information).In addition, the expanded policy does not apply to healthcare providers who have an affirmative duty required under local law to provide counseling about and referrals for abortion as a method of family planning.Does it restrict direct U.S. Funding for abortion overseas?.

U.S. Funding for abortion is already restricted under several provisions of the law. Specifically, before the Mexico City Policy was first announced in 1984, U.S.

Law already prohibited the use of U.S. Aid:to pay for the performance of abortion as a method of family planning or to motivate or coerce any person to practice abortion (the Helms Amendment, 1973, to the Foreign Assistance Act);for biomedical research related to methods of or the performance of abortion as a means of family planning (the Biden Amendment, 1981, to the Foreign Assistance Act). Andto lobby for or against abortion (the Siljander Amendment, first included in annual appropriations in 1981 and included each year thereafter).Then, shortly after the policy was announced in 1984, the Kemp-Kasten Amendment was passed in 1985, prohibiting the use of U.S.

Aid to fund any organization or program, as determined by the president, that supports or participates in the management of a program of coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization (it is now included in annual appropriations).Before the Mexico City Policy, U.S. Aid recipients could use non-U.S. Funds to engage in certain abortion-related activities but were required to maintain segregated accounts for U.S.

Assistance. The Mexico City Policy reversed this practice. No longer were foreign NGOs allowed to use non-U.S.

Funds, maintained in segregated accounts, for voluntary abortion-related activities if they wished to continue to receive or be able to receive U.S. Family planning funds.Does the policy prohibit post-abortion care?. The Mexico City Policy does not restrict the provision of post-abortion care, which is a supported activity of U.S.

Family planning assistance. Whether or not the Mexico City Policy is in effect, recipients of U.S. Family planning assistance are allowed to use U.S.

And non-U.S. Funding to support post-abortion care, no matter the circumstances of the abortion (whether it was legal or illegal).What has been the impact of the policy?. Several studies have looked at the impact of the policy.

A 2011 quantitative analysis by Bendavid, et. Al, found a strong association between the Mexico City Policy and abortion rates in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was recently updated to include several more years of data, again identifying a strong association.

Specifically, the updated study found that during periods when the policy was in place, abortion rates rose by 40% in countries with high exposure to the Mexico City Policy compared to those with low exposure, while the use of modern contraceptives declined by 14% and pregnancies increased by 12% in high exposure compared to low exposure countries. In other words, it found patterns that “strengthen the case for the role played by the policy” in “a substantial increase in abortions across sub-Saharan Africa among women affected by the U.S. Mexico City Policy … [and] a corresponding decline in the use of modern contraception and increase in pregnancies,” likely because foreign NGOs that declined U.S.

Funding as a result of the Mexico City Policy – often key providers of women’s health services in these areas – had fewer resources to support family planning services, particularly contraceptives. Increased access to and use of contraception have been shown to be key to preventing unintended pregnancies and thereby reducing abortion, including unsafe abortion. The study also found patterns that “suggest that the effects of the policy are reversible” when the policy is not in place.Additionally, there has been anecdotal evidence and qualitative data on the impact of the policy, when it has been in force in the past, on the work of organizations that have chosen not to agree to the policy and, therefore, forgo U.S.

Funding that had previously supported their activities. For example, they have reported that they have fewer resources to support family planning and reproductive health services, including family planning counseling, contraceptive commodities, condoms, and reproductive cancer screenings.While it is likely too early to assess the full effects of the current policy on NGOs and the individuals they serve, as the policy is applied on a rolling basis as new funding agreements or modifications to existing agreements are made, some early data are available. Several early qualitative and quantitative studies have been released, and at least one long-term, quantitative assessment is underway.

Additionally, an official assessment by the U.S. Department of State on implementation during the first six months of the policy has been released (see below). This review acknowledged that it took “place early in the policy’s implementation, when affected U.S.

Government departments and agencies have added a significant portion of the funding affected by the policy to grants and cooperative agreements only recently [i.e., after the period the review examined]. A follow-on analysis would allow an opportunity to address one of the primary concerns presented in feedback from third-party stakeholder organizations, namely that six months is insufficient time to gauge the impacts of” the policy.Nonetheless, it is already clear that the reinstated and expanded version of the policy applies to a much greater amount of U.S. Global health assistance, and greater number of foreign NGOs, across many program areas.

KFF has found that more than half (37) of the 64 countries that received U.S. Bilateral global health assistance in FY 2016 allow for legal abortion in at least one case not permitted by the policy and that had the expanded Mexico City Policy been in effect during the FY 2013 – FY 2015 period, at least 1,275 foreign NGOs would have been subject to the policy. In addition, at least 469 U.S.

NGOs that received U.S. Global health assistance during this period would have been required to ensure that their foreign NGO sub-recipients were in compliance. Additional foreign NGOs are likely to be impacted by the policy due to the revised interpretation of “financial support” announced in March 2019 and implemented beginning June 2019.

See “What is ‘financial support’?. € below.A report released in March 2020 by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) provided new information on the number of projects (awards) and NGOs affected.

It found that from May 2017 through FY 2018:the policy had been applied to over 1,300 global health projects, with the vast majority of these through USAID and CDC, andNGOs declined to accept the policy in 54 instances, totaling $153 million in declined funding – specifically, seven prime awards amounting to $102 million and 47 sub-awards amounting to $51 million (more than two-thirds of sub-awards were intended for Africa) – across USAID and CDC. The Department of State and DoD did not identify any instances where NGOs declined to accept the policy conditions.What have the U.S. Government’s reviews of the policy found?.

The U.S. Government has published two reviews of the policy to date, with the first examining the initial six months of the policy released in February 2018 and the second examining the first 18 months of the policy released in August 2020.First ReviewIn February 2018, the Department of State announced the findings of an initial six-month review of implementation of the policy through the end of FY 2017 (September 2017). The report directed agencies to provide greater support for improving understanding of implementation among affected organizations and provided guidance to clarify terms included in standard provisions of grants and cooperative agreements.

In the six-month review report, the Department of State report identified a number of “actions” for implementing agencies, such as a need for:more central and field-based training and implementation tools,a clearer explanation of termination of awards for NGOs found to be in violation of the policy, anda clarification of “financial support,” which was not defined in the standard provisions (see “What is financial support?. € below).The six month review also identified the number of affected agreements with prime implementing partners and the number of those that have accepted the Mexico City Policy as part of their agreements through September 2017 (see Table 2). U.S.

Agency or DepartmentPolicy Implementation DateOverall # of Grants and Cooperative Agreements with Global Health Assistance FundingOf Overall #:(From the Policy Implementation Date through 9/30/2017)# That Received New Funding and Accepted Policy# That Received New Funding and Declined to Accept Policy^# That Had Not Received New Funding YetUSAIDMay 15, 20175804193158State*May 15, 2017142108034HHS+May 31, 20174991600339DoDMay 15, 20177742134TOTAL12987294565NOTES. * reflects PEPFAR funding implemented through the Department of State. Other departments and agencies implement the majority of PEPFAR funding.

+ At HHS agencies, only certain assistance funding transferred from USAID, State, and DoD are subject to the policy. ^ As of September 30, 2017, USAID reported it was aware of three centrally funded prime partners, and 12 sub-awardee implementing partners, that declined to agree to the Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance (PLGHA) terms in their awards. DoD reported that one DoD partner, a U.S.

NGO, declined to agree in one country but accepted the PLGHA standard provision in other countries. And HHS reported that no HHS partners declined to agree.SOURCES. KFF analysis of data from Department of State, “Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance Six-Month Review,” report, Feb.

6, 2018, https://www.state.gov/protecting-life-in-global-health-assistance-six-month-review/.Second ReviewOn August 17, 2020, the Department of State released its second review of the policy, updating its initial six-month review (as an action item in the six-month review report, the department stated it would “conduct a further review of implementation of the policy by December 15, 2018, when more extensive experience will enable a more thorough examination of the benefits and challenges”). The long-anticipated review, which examines the period from May 2017 through September 2018, found:the awards declined spanned a variety of program areas, including family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH), HIV and AIDS (HIV/AIDS), maternal and child health (MCH), tuberculosis (TB), and nutrition, in addition to cross-cutting awards;the awards declined spanned geographic areas but many were for activities in sub-Saharan Africa;agencies and departments made efforts to transition projects to another implementer in order to minimize disruption. Butnevertheless, among USAID awards involving health service delivery where prime and sub-award recipients declined to accept the policy, gaps or disruptions in service delivery were sometimes reported.The second review also identified the number of affected agreements with prime implementing partners and the number of those that have accepted the Mexico City Policy as part of their agreements through September 2018 (see Table 3).

U.S. Agency or DepartmentPolicy Implementation Date# of Grants and Cooperative Agreements with Global Health Assistance Funding# of Prime Awardees That Declined to Accept Policy^USAIDMay 15, 20174866State*May 15, 20173350HHS+May 31, 20174661DoDMay 15, 2017531TOTAL13408NOTES. * reflects PEPFAR funding implemented through the Department of State.

Other departments and agencies implement the majority of PEPFAR funding. + At HHS agencies, only certain assistance funding transferred from USAID, State, and DoD are subject to the policy. ^ As of September 30, 2018, USAID reported it was aware of six centrally funded prime partners, and 47 sub-awardee implementing partners, that declined to agree to the Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance (PLGHA) terms in their awards.

DoD reported that one DoD partner, a U.S. NGO, declined to agree in one country but accepted the PLGHA standard provision in other countries. And HHS reported that one HHS partner declined to agree.SOURCES.

KFF analysis of data from Department of State, “Review of the Implementation of the Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance Policy ,” report, Aug. 17, 2020, https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/PLGHA-2019-Review-Final-8.17.2020-508.pdf, and Department of State, “Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance Six-Month Review,” report, Feb. 6, 2018, https://www.state.gov/protecting-life-in-global-health-assistance-six-month-review/.Additionally, the review reports that 47 sub-awardees, all under USAID awards, declined to accept the policy.

It is important to note that the review also states that information on sub-awards is not systematically collected by departments and agencies and that DoD was not able to collect information on sub-awards.What is “financial support”?. In February 2018, in the initial six-month review issued when Secretary of State Tillerson led the department, the Department of State report included an “action” statement to clarify the definition of “financial support” as used in the standard provisions for grants and cooperative agreements. At issue was whether it applied more narrowly to certain funding provided by foreign NGOs (i.e., funding other than U.S.

Global health funding) to other foreign NGOs specifically for the purpose of performing or actively promoting abortion as a method of family planning or if it applied more broadly to certain funding provided by foreign NGOs to other foreign NGOs for any purpose, if that foreign NGO happened to perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning. The State Department clarified that it was the more narrow interpretation.However, on March 26, 2019, Secretary of State Pompeo reversed this interpretation, announcing further “refinements” to the policy to clarify that it applied to the broader definition of financial support. Specifically, under the policy, U.S.-supported foreign NGOs agree to not provide any financial support (global health-related as well as other support), no matter the source of funds, to any other foreign NGO that performs or actively promotes abortion as a method of family planning.

In June 2019, USAID provided additional information to reflect this broader interpretation of the standard provisions.This marks the first time the policy has been applied this broadly, as it can now affect funding provided by other donors (such as other governments and foundations) and non-global health funding provided by the U.S. Government for a wide range of purposes if this funding is first provided to foreign NGOs who have accepted the policy (as recipients of U.S. Global health assistance) that then in turn provide that donor or U.S.

Non global health funding for any purpose to foreign NGOs that perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning. For example, under the prior interpretation, a foreign NGO recipient of U.S. Global health funding could not provide any non-U.S.

Funding to another foreign NGO to perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning but could provide funding for other activities, such as education, even if the foreign NGO carried out prohibited activities. Under the broader interpretation, a foreign NGO could not provide any non-U.S. Funding for any activity to a foreign NGO that carried out prohibited activities.

Similarly, while under the prior interpretation a foreign NGO recipient of U.S. Global health funding could provide other U.S. Funding (such as humanitarian assistance) to another foreign NGO for non-prohibited activities, even if the foreign NGO carried out prohibited activities, now under the broader interpretation, it could not do so.What are the next steps in implementing the expanded policy?.

The policy went into effect in May 2017 (see Table 2), although it is applied on a rolling basis, as new funding agreements and modifications to existing agreements occur. While it applies to all grants and cooperative agreements, the Trump administration has indicated that it intends the policy to apply to contracts, which would require a rule-making process (it began this process by publishing a proposed rule in September 2020)..

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You can cheap kamagra online canada find Manuel F. Casanova’s talk on Dec. 10 using cheap kamagra online canada this link. The lectures will also be posted on the MIND Institute’s You Tube page.

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The UC Davis MIND Institute’s Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño is kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices on a mission. She sees a critical information shortage and she has a plan to help. Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño created the new Spanish-language lecture series “There is limited knowledge about autism and other neurodevelopmental disabilities in Latin American countries,” said Martínez-Cerdeño, a professor in the Department of Pathology kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices and Laboratory Medicine.

€œI decided that I want to improve the lives of these children, by providing doctors and professionals with information about the current state of neurodevelopmental research,” she said. Martínez-Cerdeño, a native of Spain, is creating a new virtual Spanish-language lecture series called “Seminars of Excellence in Neurodevelopment Research,” aimed at educating physicians, and kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices researchers. Topics will include how to recognize, diagnose and treat neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, fragile X syndrome and 22q 11.2 deletion syndrome.

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Casanova (pictured right) will present the first lecture on Thursday, Dec. 10 at kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices 10 a.m., titled “From Bench Discoveries to Clinical Therapy in Autism. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.” Casanova is the SmartState Endowed Chair in Translational Childhood Neurotherapeutics for the University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Greenville Health System.

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We can help doctors learn more about how to help their patients and little by little, people will learn from each other and things will improve.” Martínez-Cerdeño points out that California’s large Hispanic population makes the lecture series relevant here as well. €œMany of them are migrant workers who don’t speak English, and they have kids with kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices autism, too. We need to educate Hispanic doctors about neurodevelopmental disabilities and the way to reach them is in their own language.” New lectures will be offered bi-monthly, and Martínez-Cerdeño plans to continue them for years to come.

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Researching causes, treatments and potential prevention of neurodevelopmental disorders. The institute has major research efforts in autism, fragile X syndrome, chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Down syndrome. More information about the institute and its Distinguished Lecturer Series, including previous presentations in this series, is available on the Web at mindinstitute.ucdavis.edu.The UC Davis pediatric emergency department today unveiled a brand new waiting room, specially designed for kids.

The new UC Davis pediatric emergency waiting room features a child-friendly kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices design and a private space for families. Boasting bright colors and a child-friendly design, this new 500-square-foot area provides a comfortable space for young patients and their families that is private and separate from the adult emergency waiting area. The space has been under construction for kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices the past four months.

It replaces the pediatric emergency waiting room that opened in 2010, located in a different space within the Pediatric Emergency Department.“No one wants to visit the ER, especially during a kamagra,” said Claudio Alvarado, assistant nurse manager of the pediatric emergency department. €œWe are seeing more families choosing to delay care, even emergency care, during this time kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices. But we want to provide reassurance and comfort to families, when they have to come see us for a trauma or emergency.

We want this space to be an inviting place for children during a stressful time.”Today also marks the move of the pediatric emergency department to a new patient-care area or “pod,” which will provide three additional emergency beds, dedicated to children.Other hallmarks of the UC Davis Pediatric Emergency Department:Advanced equipment and technologies that are specially designed and appropriately sized for children.Certified child life specialists who can provide support through play, self-expressive activities and age-appropriate medical preparation and education.A staff of eight attending physicians who are specially trained in pediatric emergency medicine, and who understand the subtle nuances of caring for critically ill or injured children.Fourteen dedicated pediatric emergency beds. Twelve of kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices these beds are private with a door for additional security and privacy. These are grouped together in a pediatric emergency “pod,” so children are not placed near adult patients.

Two pediatric emergency beds are part of the Resuscitation Bay, separated by a curtain, so the emergency team can work on two kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices children with acute care needs simultaneously. The Sacramento region’s only level I pediatric trauma center — one of only a handful in California. A Level I pediatric trauma center can provide total kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices care for every injury.

The trauma center also serves as a referral resource for hospitals throughout Northern California, western Nevada and southern Oregon.“A trip to the emergency department can be a scary time for a child,” said Esther Lee, pediatric core committee chair and registered nurse at the UC Davis Pediatric Emergency Department. €œOur goal is to not kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices have our pediatric patients wait to be seen. But if they have to, we want to decrease the stressors by making a child-friendly environment for them.

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€œAs we learn more about the safety and effectiveness of erectile dysfunction treatments, including the use of a booster dose, we will continue to evaluate the rapidly changing science and keep the public informed.”advertisement While the FDA’s ruling means boosters will not currently be available to as broad a population as the Biden administration had hoped, the groups indicated could encompass a large proportion of the adult American population.The CDC estimates that there are roughly 53 million Americans aged 65 and older. Another 17 million to 20 million people buy kamagra jelly are health care workers. And as many as 100 million people are estimated to have medical conditions that put them at increased risk of severe illness if they contract erectile dysfunction treatment.advertisement The FDA’s statement said broad array of essential workers — “health care professionals, teachers and day care staff, grocery workers and those in homeless shelters or prisons, among others” — should be eligible for boosters.

One group that did not make the cut was buy kamagra jelly 16 and 17 year olds. Pfizer had applied for the booster for everyone 16 years of age and up, but did not provide any data to support the safety of a third shot in anyone under 18. The FDA’s advisory committee buy kamagra jelly objected strenuously to their inclusion and the authorization for the booster is for people 18 and older.Pfizer and BioNTech had requested a full license for their booster shot, which they hoped would be made available to anyone who had previously received their treatment.

They proposed the third shot be given at least six months after the second jab in the series.But in a rigorous meeting last Friday, the expert panel that advises the FDA on treatments voted against recommending that broad use, with members arguing there isn’t enough evidence to support the contention that everyone 16 and older who received the Pfizer treatment needs to be boosted six months after their second shot. While the FDA isn’t bound to follow the advice of the treatments and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee buy kamagra jelly — known as VRBPAC for short — it generally does. And it has, more or less, in this situation.

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It will vote on Thursday about whether to advise the CDC to recommend use of the booster jab, and which groups of people should be offered it at this point. CDC Director Rochelle buy kamagra jelly Walensky will then have to sign off on ACIP’s recommendations. Like the FDA and its treatments advisory committee, the CDC director is not obligated to follow ACIP’s advice, but almost always does.

The group met buy kamagra jelly all day Wednesday to discuss erectile dysfunction treatment efficacy data and the evidence for waning of protection, among other issues. The meeting flagged issues the ACIP will likely find challenging when they debate booster recommendations on Thursday, including the fact that some of the people who may need a booster jab soon were not initially vaccinated with the Pfizer treatment. Boosters for the Moderna and the Johnson and Johnson treatment have not yet been authorized.Several buy kamagra jelly ACIP members asked if they would be able to recommend that people who qualify for a booster could get the Pfizer jab regardless of which treatment they initially received.

Another wondered if it made sense to hold off beginning the booster shot campaign until all three boosters have been authorized by the FDA.“I don’t want to jeopardize anyone,” said Sarah Long, a professor of pediatrics at Drexel University College of Medicine. €œAt the same time, it will be very, very difficult to have a little less than half of the population who are eligible [for a booster] to be able to receive buy kamagra jelly one.” Molly Howell, a non-voting member of the committee who represents the Association of Immunization Managers, warned that having a booster from only one of the companies supplying treatment to the United States would create real logistical problems, especially when it comes to delivering booster shots to residents of nursing homes.“In North Dakota, when we looked at our long-term care facilities, the vast majority had a mixture of people who needed Moderna and Pfizer,” said Howell, who is also the immunization program manager for the North Dakota department of health. €œI don’t know if it’s realistic to keep going back with different brands.”Howell noted that when the ACIP voted to recommend that people who are immunocompromised should be given a third dose, the committee said that if the treatment brand an individual had received for dose 1 and dose 2 wasn’t available, they could be vaccinated with another product.

€œI think that buy kamagra jelly would be very helpful, especially when we’re talking about vaccinating in a long-term care setting.” Doran Fink, from the FDA’s Office of treatments Research and Review, said the agency doesn’t currently have enough data to tell it that getting a booster dose with a different treatment would be as effective at getting a third dose of the same treatment.“I do really appreciate the concerns around flexibility and around timing of availability of other authorized treatments for a booster dose,” Fink said, suggesting he would consult with FDA colleagues and come back with an answer on Thursday.Following a year of controversy, the Health Resources and Services Administration is taking steps to penalize six large drug makers for ending discounts to a federal program that provides medicines to hospitals and clinics serving mostly low-income populations.In a series of letters, the agency notified Eli Lilly (LLY), Sanofi (SNY), AstraZeneca (AZN), Novo Nordisk (NVO), Novartis (NVS), and United Therapeutics that their failure to comply with the 340B drug discount program was referred to the Office of Inspector General at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, which oversees HRSA. If assessed, penalties can total buy kamagra jelly more than $5,000 per violation.

Unlock this article by subscribing to STAT+ and enjoy your kamagra tablet online first 30 days free!. GET STARTED Log In | Learn More buy kamagra jelly What is it?. STAT+ is STAT's premium subscription service for in-depth biotech, pharma, policy, and life science coverage and analysis.

Our award-winning team covers news on Wall buy kamagra jelly Street, policy developments in Washington, early science breakthroughs and clinical trial results, and health care disruption in Silicon Valley and beyond. What's included?. Daily reporting and analysis The most comprehensive industry coverage from a powerhouse team of reporters Subscriber-only newsletters Daily newsletters to brief you on the most important industry news of the day STAT+ Conversations Weekly opportunities to engage with our reporters buy kamagra jelly and leading industry experts in live video conversations Exclusive industry events Premium access to subscriber-only networking events around the country The best reporters in the industry The most trusted and well-connected newsroom in the health care industry And much more Exclusive interviews with industry leaders, profiles, and premium tools, like our CRISPR Trackr.Mental health counselors had kinder and less authoritative reactions to statements that used the phrase “person with schizophrenia” instead of “schizophrenic,” a new study finds — an important confirmation of the benefits of person-first language.The study, published Wednesday in the Journal of Counseling &.

Development, adds to a broader social conversation but sparse scientific literature supporting person-first language, which is meant to de-stigmatize disabilities, mental health conditions, and other conditions. Patient advocates have pushed for people with diabetes or people with alcoholism to be described as such, for example, and for terms like “diabetic” and “alcoholic” to be avoided.Darcy Granello, co-author of the study and a professor of counselor education at the Ohio State University, said the new research confirms the importance of those linguistic buy kamagra jelly changes.advertisement “If we take the time to say ‘person with schizophrenia,’ it actually has real, practical, and significant differences,” she said. €œThis isn’t just person-first language for the sake of being politically correct.”Granello said that the inspiration for the research came from observing a shift toward person-first language in the past 40 years that seemed to leave behind case notes, assessment instruments, clinical textbooks, and conversations between care providers.

Though clinicians buy kamagra jelly used the person-first language with patients, they didn’t necessarily implement the same changes more broadly. €œWe know what we mean” was a common refrain she heard among practitioners, she said.advertisement Because she herself works with people who have schizophrenia, Granello focused the new study on the condition to tease apart the specific effects of language. She sent a survey to a mix of 251 students in counseling and mental health counselors to look at the differences in their responses to the buy kamagra jelly phrases “person with schizophrenia” and “schizophrenic.” Respondents rated their agreement from 1 to 5 with statements such as “Schizophrenics need the same kind of control and discipline as a young child,” and the survey assessed authoritarianism, benevolence, community mental health ideology, and social restrictiveness.

Both students and clinicians scored significantly higher on authoritarianism when given the survey that used the noun “schizophrenic.” They also each scored lower on benevolence, though only current counselors significantly so.According to the study, a linguistic phenomenon known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis could be to blame. In the English language, the theory buy kamagra jelly claims, using premodified nouns in a sentence places greater emphasis on the descriptions they contain than using post-modified nouns does. So, a term like “schizophrenic” emphasizes the condition, while “person with schizophrenia” highlights the person first.“It seems like a no-brainer to put the term ‘schizophrenic’ into the dustbin of history,” said Joshua Kantrowitz, the director of the Columbia Schizophrenia Research Center, who was not involved in the study.

He added that he rarely hears the term anymore among trained scientists, and that the buy kamagra jelly change is in line with others meant to emphasize humanity, such as replacing “subject” with “participant” and “patient” with “client.” Granello admitted, however, that the study can’t explain whether the counselors’ different attitudes extend to differences in how they treat patients, as the study only looked at beliefs and opinions. She said that future research would have to measure how these types of language differences affect patient care.Even without a clear understanding of their effects, she argued that counselors should assume that terms they use, even with one another, impact their ability to treat patients, and they should eliminate the use of the term “schizophrenic.”“When clinicians and counselors receive the instrument that says ‘schizophrenic,’ they score lower on benevolence, on recognizing the basic humanity of the other person. I think when we lose basic humanity of buy kamagra jelly the person sitting across from us, that does have clinical implications,” she said.

Outside of clinical practice, person-first language is not universally accepted for every condition or disability. The American Psychological Association recommends interchanging person-first and identity-first (e.g buy kamagra jelly. Disabled person) language unless a community’s preference is known.

Advocates in the blind, deaf, and autistic communities, for example, have opted for alternatives.Still, Granello said buy kamagra jelly that the new study focuses on terminology’s impacts on clinicians, a separate but related topic. Groups that prefer identity-first language may not know that how their conditions are phrased in conversation could itself lead to different treatment.Unlock this article by subscribing to STAT+ and enjoy your first 30 days free!. GET STARTED Log In | Learn More What is it?.

STAT+ is STAT's premium subscription service for in-depth biotech, pharma, policy, and life science coverage and analysis. Our award-winning team covers news on Wall Street, policy developments in Washington, early science breakthroughs and clinical trial results, and health care disruption in Silicon Valley and beyond. What's included?.

Daily reporting and analysis The most comprehensive industry coverage from a powerhouse team of reporters Subscriber-only newsletters Daily newsletters to brief you on the most important industry news of the day STAT+ Conversations Weekly opportunities to engage with our reporters and leading industry experts in live video conversations Exclusive industry events Premium access to subscriber-only networking events around the country The best reporters in the industry The most trusted and well-connected newsroom in the health care industry And much more Exclusive interviews with industry leaders, profiles, and premium tools, like our CRISPR Trackr..

The Food and Drug Administration on Wednesday granted an emergency use authorization to Pfizer and BioNTech’s erectile dysfunction treatment booster, though for now the FDA said use of the booster should be restricted to people over the age of 65, adults 18 and older at high risk of severe erectile dysfunction treatment, and those who, like health care workers, are at higher risk of kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices because of their jobs. That list includes teachers.With the agency’s ruling, the Biden administration is one step closer to implementing its plan to begin to offer booster shots to Americans, a campaign it had announced would begin this week. At this point, however, only boosters using the Pfizer treatment can be considered.“This kamagra is dynamic and evolving, with new data about treatment safety and effectiveness becoming available every day,” Acting FDA Commissioner Janet Woodcock said in a kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices statement announcing the authorization.

€œAs we learn more about the safety and effectiveness of erectile dysfunction treatments, including the use of a booster dose, we will continue to evaluate the rapidly changing science and keep the public informed.”advertisement While the FDA’s ruling means boosters will not currently be available to as broad a population as the Biden administration had hoped, the groups indicated could encompass a large proportion of the adult American population.The CDC estimates that there are roughly 53 million Americans aged 65 and older. Another 17 million to kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices 20 million people are health care workers. And as many as 100 million people are estimated to have medical conditions that put them at increased risk of severe illness if they contract erectile dysfunction treatment.advertisement The FDA’s statement said broad array of essential workers — “health care professionals, teachers and day care staff, grocery workers and those in homeless shelters or prisons, among others” — should be eligible for boosters.

One group that did not make kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices the cut was 16 and 17 year olds. Pfizer had applied for the booster for everyone 16 years of age and up, but did not provide any data to support the safety of a third shot in anyone under 18. The FDA’s advisory committee objected strenuously to kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices their inclusion and the authorization for the booster is for people 18 and older.Pfizer and BioNTech had requested a full license for their booster shot, which they hoped would be made available to anyone who had previously received their treatment.

They proposed the third shot be given at least six months after the second jab in the series.But in a rigorous meeting last Friday, the expert panel that advises the FDA on treatments voted against recommending that broad use, with members arguing there isn’t enough evidence to support the contention that everyone 16 and older who received the Pfizer treatment needs to be boosted six months after their second shot. While the FDA isn’t bound to follow the advice of the treatments and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee — known as VRBPAC for short — it generally does kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices. And it has, more or less, in this situation.

The committee voted kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices 16 to 2 against boosters for all at this point. But it voted 18 to 0 in favor when asked if the evidence supports giving a third dose to people over the age of 65 and to people at high risk of developing severe erectile dysfunction treatment, if they contract the disease. The question did not stipulate who qualified as high risk, though there was discussion about people who are frequently exposed to erectile dysfunction treatment, like health care and front-line workers, and people with medical conditions like obesity and diabetes that have been linked to a higher risk of serious disease.Fine-tuning who should be kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices offered Pfizer booster doses at this time will now fall to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s treatment expert panel, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.

It will vote on Thursday about whether to advise the CDC to recommend use of the booster jab, and which groups of people should be offered it at this point. CDC Director Rochelle Walensky kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices will then have to sign off on ACIP’s recommendations. Like the FDA and its treatments advisory committee, the CDC director is not obligated to follow ACIP’s advice, but almost always does.

The group met all day Wednesday to kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices discuss erectile dysfunction treatment efficacy data and the evidence for waning of protection, among other issues. The meeting flagged issues the ACIP will likely find challenging when they debate booster recommendations on Thursday, including the fact that some of the people who may need a booster jab soon were not initially vaccinated with the Pfizer treatment. Boosters for the kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices Moderna and the Johnson and Johnson treatment have not yet been authorized.Several ACIP members asked if they would be able to recommend that people who qualify for a booster could get the Pfizer jab regardless of which treatment they initially received.

Another wondered if it made sense to hold off beginning the booster shot campaign until all three boosters have been authorized by the FDA.“I don’t want to jeopardize anyone,” said Sarah Long, a professor of pediatrics at Drexel University College of Medicine. €œAt the same time, it will be very, very difficult to have a little less than half of the population who are eligible [for a booster] to be able to receive one.” Molly Howell, a non-voting member of the committee who represents the Association of Immunization Managers, warned that having a booster from only one of the companies supplying treatment to the United States would create real logistical problems, especially when it comes to kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices delivering booster shots to residents of nursing homes.“In North Dakota, when we looked at our long-term care facilities, the vast majority had a mixture of people who needed Moderna and Pfizer,” said Howell, who is also the immunization program manager for the North Dakota department of health. €œI don’t know if it’s realistic to keep going back with different brands.”Howell noted that when the ACIP voted to recommend that people who are immunocompromised should be given a third dose, the committee said that if the treatment brand an individual had received for dose 1 and dose 2 wasn’t available, they could be vaccinated with another product.

€œI think that would be very helpful, especially when we’re talking about vaccinating in a long-term care setting.” Doran Fink, from the kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices FDA’s Office of treatments Research and Review, said the agency doesn’t currently have enough data to tell it that getting a booster dose with a different treatment would be as effective at getting a third dose of the same treatment.“I do really appreciate the concerns around flexibility and around timing of availability of other authorized treatments for a booster dose,” Fink said, suggesting he would consult with FDA colleagues and come back with an answer on Thursday.Following a year of controversy, the Health Resources and Services Administration is taking steps to penalize six large drug makers for ending discounts to a federal program that provides medicines to hospitals and clinics serving mostly low-income populations.In a series of letters, the agency notified Eli Lilly (LLY), Sanofi (SNY), AstraZeneca (AZN), Novo Nordisk (NVO), Novartis (NVS), and United Therapeutics that their failure to comply with the 340B drug discount program was referred to the Office of Inspector General at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, which oversees HRSA. If assessed, kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices penalties can total more than $5,000 per violation.

Unlock this article by subscribing to STAT+ and enjoy your first 30 days free!. GET STARTED kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices Log In | Learn More What is it?. STAT+ is STAT's premium subscription service for in-depth biotech, pharma, policy, and life science coverage and analysis.

Our award-winning team covers news on Wall kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices Street, policy developments in Washington, early science breakthroughs and clinical trial results, and health care disruption in Silicon Valley and beyond. What's included?. Daily reporting and analysis The most comprehensive industry coverage from a powerhouse team of reporters Subscriber-only newsletters Daily newsletters to brief you on the most important industry news of the day STAT+ Conversations Weekly opportunities to engage with our reporters and leading industry experts in live video conversations Exclusive industry events Premium access to subscriber-only networking events around the country The best reporters in the industry The most trusted and well-connected newsroom in the health care industry And much more Exclusive interviews with industry leaders, profiles, and premium tools, like our CRISPR Trackr.Mental health counselors had kinder and less authoritative kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices reactions to statements that used the phrase “person with schizophrenia” instead of “schizophrenic,” a new study finds — an important confirmation of the benefits of person-first language.The study, published Wednesday in the Journal of Counseling &.

Development, adds to a broader social conversation but sparse scientific literature supporting person-first language, which is meant to de-stigmatize disabilities, mental health conditions, and other conditions. Patient advocates have pushed for people with diabetes or people with alcoholism to be described as such, for example, and for terms like “diabetic” and “alcoholic” to be avoided.Darcy Granello, co-author of the study and a professor of counselor education at the Ohio State University, said the new research confirms the importance of those linguistic changes.advertisement “If we take the time to say kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices ‘person with schizophrenia,’ it actually has real, practical, and significant differences,” she said. €œThis isn’t just person-first language for the sake of being politically correct.”Granello said that the inspiration for the research came from observing a shift toward person-first language in the past 40 years that seemed to leave behind case notes, assessment instruments, clinical textbooks, and conversations between care providers.

Though clinicians used the person-first language with patients, they didn’t necessarily implement the kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices same changes more broadly. €œWe know what we mean” was a common refrain she heard among practitioners, she said.advertisement Because she herself works with people who have schizophrenia, Granello focused the new study on the condition to tease apart the specific effects of language. She sent a survey to a mix of 251 students in counseling and mental health counselors to look at the differences in their responses to the phrases “person with schizophrenia” and “schizophrenic.” Respondents rated their agreement from 1 to 5 with statements such as “Schizophrenics need kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices the same kind of control and discipline as a young child,” and the survey assessed authoritarianism, benevolence, community mental health ideology, and social restrictiveness.

Both students and clinicians scored significantly higher on authoritarianism when given the survey that used the noun “schizophrenic.” They also each scored lower on benevolence, though only current counselors significantly so.According to the study, a linguistic phenomenon known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis could be to blame. In the English language, the theory claims, using premodified nouns in a sentence places greater emphasis on kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices the descriptions they contain than using post-modified nouns does. So, a term like “schizophrenic” emphasizes the condition, while “person with schizophrenia” highlights the person first.“It seems like a no-brainer to put the term ‘schizophrenic’ into the dustbin of history,” said Joshua Kantrowitz, the director of the Columbia Schizophrenia Research Center, who was not involved in the study.

He added that he rarely hears the term anymore among trained scientists, and that the change is in line with others meant to emphasize humanity, such as replacing “subject” with “participant” and “patient” with “client.” Granello admitted, however, that the study can’t explain whether the counselors’ different attitudes extend to differences in how they treat patients, as the study only looked at beliefs and opinions kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices. She said that future research would have to measure how these types of language differences affect patient care.Even without a clear understanding of their effects, she argued that counselors should assume that terms they use, even with one another, impact their ability to treat patients, and they should eliminate the use of the term “schizophrenic.”“When clinicians and counselors receive the instrument that says ‘schizophrenic,’ they score lower on benevolence, on recognizing the basic humanity of the other person. I think kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices when we lose basic humanity of the person sitting across from us, that does have clinical implications,” she said.

Outside of clinical practice, person-first language is not universally accepted for every condition or disability. The American Psychological Association recommends interchanging person-first and identity-first kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices (e.g. Disabled person) language unless a community’s preference is known.

Advocates in the blind, deaf, and autistic communities, for example, have opted for alternatives.Still, kamagra oral jelly 100mg factory discount prices Granello said that the new study focuses on terminology’s impacts on clinicians, a separate but related topic. Groups that prefer identity-first language may not know that how their conditions are phrased in conversation could itself lead to different treatment.Unlock this article by subscribing to STAT+ and enjoy your first 30 days free!. GET STARTED Log In | Learn More What is it?.

STAT+ is STAT's premium subscription service for in-depth biotech, pharma, policy, and life science coverage and analysis. Our award-winning team covers news on Wall Street, policy developments in Washington, early science breakthroughs and clinical trial results, and health care disruption in Silicon Valley and beyond. What's included?.

Daily reporting and analysis The most comprehensive industry coverage from a powerhouse team of reporters Subscriber-only newsletters Daily newsletters to brief you on the most important industry news of the day STAT+ Conversations Weekly opportunities to engage with our reporters and leading industry experts in live video conversations Exclusive industry events Premium access to subscriber-only networking events around the country The best reporters in the industry The most trusted and well-connected newsroom in the health care industry And much more Exclusive interviews with industry leaders, profiles, and premium tools, like our CRISPR Trackr..

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